The relationship between mental health and substance use is complex. While a connection exists, it is important to recognize that the majority of individuals with mental health conditions do not have a substance addiction. Other variables play a more significant role in substance abuse, such as adverse childhood experiences, socioeconomic disadvantage, and other genetic and environmental factors.
Coping with and managing mental illness can cause emotional distress, strain on personal relationships, financial hardship, and occupational challenges. Mental illness can lead to considerable suffering, which may prompt individuals to seek temporary relief from their symptoms through substance use. Extensive substance abuse can lead to biological and behavioral changes that may, in turn, exacerbate symptoms or induce new symptoms of mental illness.
A dual diagnosis—the co-occurrence of chronic mental illness and addiction—presents significant challenges. This combination can lead to serious consequences, complicate access to effective treatment, and hinder the recovery journey. When individuals with a dual diagnosis become involved in the criminal justice system, they often require more intensive support and services. Successful participation in court proceedings and the fulfillment of court-ordered obligations are often dependent upon consistent engagement in mental health and substance use disorder treatment, coupled with a sustained period of sobriety.